A recombinant protein is a protein made by genetically engineered cells rather than extracted directly from its natural source. Scientists insert the gene for the desired protein into a production ...

Proven bacterial, viral, conjugate, and E.coli expression platforms support partners from discovery and process development to GMP readiness and clinical manufacturingIntravacc offers four ...

Bacteria can pass proteins between themselves, which induces a dormant state that helps a small group of them survive ...

The Technical Risks of Batch Inconsistency in Fermentation The primary challenge in pharmaceutical fermentation is the inherent variability of biological raw materials. Unlike synthetic chemicals, ...

When bacteria are under antibiotic attack, it is not "every man for himself." Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine and ...

Within a cell, DNA carries the genetic code for building proteins. To build proteins, the cell makes a copy of DNA, called mRNA. Then, another molecule called a ribosome reads the mRNA, translating it ...

Discoveries may help to explain why some bacteria are hard to eliminate, and also point to potential future approaches to improving antibiotic effectiveness.

Gut bacteria aren’t just passive passengers—they can actively send proteins straight into our cells. Using microscopic injection systems, even harmless microbes can influence immune responses and ...

To enhance CAR T therapies, scientists are actively studying TCR signaling and T-cell exhaustion mechanisms to improve CAR T persistence and function. Additionally, there is a growing trend towards ...

The mucosal surfaces that line the body are embedded with defensive molecules that help keep microbes from causing inflammation and infections. Among these molecules are lectins—proteins that ...